In a conversation with InvestorNews host Tracy Weslosky, Rowena Smith, the Managing Director of Australian Strategic Materials Ltd. (ASX: ASM), highlighted the company’s innovative edge in the rare earth sector. Smith detailed ASM’s end-to-end approach from mining to metal production, underscoring its capability to control the entire supply chain outside China—a key differentiator in the market. She also pointed to the operational success of the Korean Metals Plant (KMP), which is already producing essential rare earth metals and alloys. Smith mentioned plans to expand KMP’s production to include heavy rare earths, reinforcing ASM’s competitive advantage and commitment to technological advancement.

Smith also delved into the technological innovations at the KMP, showcasing ASM’s forefront position in metallurgical advancements. The KMP’s current production of neodymium-praseodymium (NdPr) and the development of neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) alloys are pivotal for high-performance magnets used in renewable energy and electric vehicles. This technological edge not only demonstrates ASM’s capacity to meet critical global demands but also reinforces its role as a leader in reducing dependency on the conventional rare earth supply chains. Smith’s narrative underscores ASM’s commitment to sustainability and innovation, highlighting its readiness to meet the increasing demands for rare earth elements critical to modern technology and green energy solutions.

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About Australian Strategic Materials Ltd.

Australian Strategic Materials (ASX: ASM) is a vertically integrated ‘mine to metals’ producer of critical metals for new growth industries, high technologies and sustainable energy solutions. ASM operates a metals plant in in Ochang, South Korea which is currently producing critical metals and alloys to customer specifications. The initial production focus is on neodymium praseodymium (NdPr) and neodymium iron boron (NdFeB). Currently, ASM sources the rare earth oxides for the production of the critical metals at its Korean Metals Plant (KMP) from a third party located in Vietnam. The company’s Dubbo Project, is a long-term resource of rare earth elements, zirconium, niobium and hafnium, located in New South Wales, Australia. ASM intends to develop the Dubbo Project to produce metal oxides which will be used for refining into critical metals at ASM’s KMP and subsequent plants that may be established in other jurisdictions.

To learn more about Australian Strategic Materials Limited, click here

Disclaimer: Australian Strategic Materials Limited is an advertorial member of InvestorNews Inc.

This interview, which was produced by InvestorNews Inc. (“InvestorNews”), does not contain, nor does it purport to contain, a summary of all material information concerning the Company, including important disclosure and risk factors associated with the Company, its business and an investment in its securities. InvestorNews offers no representations or warranties that any of the information contained in this interview is accurate or complete.

This interview and any transcriptions or reproductions thereof (collectively, this “presentation”) does not constitute, or form part of, any offer or invitation to sell or issue, or any solicitation of any offer to subscribe for or purchase any securities in the Company. The information in this presentation is provided for informational purposes only and may be subject to updating, completion or revision, and except as may be required by applicable securities laws, the Company disclaims any intent or obligation to update any information herein. This presentation may contain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of applicable Canadian securities legislation. Forward-looking statements are based on the opinions and assumptions of the management of the Company as of the date made. They are inherently susceptible to uncertainty and other factors that could cause actual events/results to differ materially from these forward-looking statements. Additional risks and uncertainties, including those that the Company does not know about now or that it currently deems immaterial, may also adversely affect the Company’s business or any investment therein.

Any projections given are principally intended for use as objectives and are not intended, and should not be taken, as assurances that the projected results will be obtained by the Company. The assumptions used may not prove to be accurate and a potential decline in the Company’s financial condition or results of operations may negatively impact the value of its securities. This presentation should not be considered as the giving of investment advice by the Company or any of its directors, officers, agents, employees or advisors. Each person to whom this presentation is made available must make its own independent assessment of the Company after making such investigations and taking such advice as may be deemed necessary. Prospective investors are urged to review the Company’s profile on SedarPlus.ca and to carry out independent investigations in order to determine their interest in investing in the Company.

During an interview at PDAC 2024 in Toronto, Jack Lifton of InvestorNews sat down with Rowena Smith, the Managing Director of Australian Strategic Materials Ltd. (ASX: ASM), to delve into the company’s position and strategic initiatives within the rare earths and permanent magnet supply chain. Smith elucidated ASM’s comprehensive strategy, spanning from “mine to metal,” highlighting their advanced development project in Dubbo, New South Wales, and their operational metals plant in South Korea. The company has successfully commenced production of neodymium praseodymium (NdPr) metal and neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) strip alloy, which are essential components for sintered magnets used across various technological applications. Smith proudly noted ASM’s pioneering role as the first Australian entity and one of the few globally to achieve such depth in the supply chain outside of China, emphasizing the critical nature of their work in diversifying the global supply chain and reducing dependence on single-source suppliers.

Smith also detailed the Dubbo Project’s progress, underlining its pivotal role in ASM’s mine-to-metals business model for supplying rare earths and critical minerals. Funding and securing off-take agreements are current priorities, with the project’s engineering, exploration, and permitting stages already completed. Smith’s participation in a U.S. trade delegation and discussions with U.S. government departments reflect a strong international interest in funding the project. These interactions highlight the alignment between Australian and U.S. interests in establishing a sustainable and transparent critical minerals supply chain. ASM’s engagement with various U.S. government agencies and the passage of legislation recognizing Australia as a ‘domestic source’ for U.S. Department of Defense procurement showcases the international efforts to bolster critical mineral supply chains outside of China. The company’s ongoing discussions for offtake agreements and advancements in metallization capability at the Korean Metals Plant further underscore ASM’s commitment to securing a robust position within the global supply chain of rare earth metals and alloys.

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About Australian Strategic Materials Ltd.

Australian Strategic Materials (ASX: ASM) is a vertically integrated ‘mine to metals’ producer of critical metals for new growth industries, high technologies and sustainable energy solutions. ASM operates a metals plant in in Ochang, South Korea which is currently producing critical metals and alloys to customer specifications. The initial production focus is on neodymium praseodymium (NdPr) and neodymium iron boron (NdFeB). Currently, ASM sources the rare earth oxides for the production of the critical metals at its Korean Metals Plant (KMP) from a third party located in Vietnam. The company’s Dubbo Project, is a long-term resource of rare earth elements, zirconium, niobium and hafnium, located in New South Wales, Australia. ASM intends to develop the Dubbo Project to produce metal oxides which will be used for refining into critical metals at ASM’s KMP and subsequent plants that may be established in other jurisdictions.

To learn more about Australian Strategic Materials Limited, click here

Disclaimer: Australian Strategic Materials Limited is an advertorial member of InvestorNews Inc.

This interview, which was produced by InvestorNews Inc. (“InvestorNews”), does not contain, nor does it purport to contain, a summary of all material information concerning the Company, including important disclosure and risk factors associated with the Company, its business and an investment in its securities. InvestorNews offers no representations or warranties that any of the information contained in this interview is accurate or complete.

This interview and any transcriptions or reproductions thereof (collectively, this “presentation”) does not constitute, or form part of, any offer or invitation to sell or issue, or any solicitation of any offer to subscribe for or purchase any securities in the Company. The information in this presentation is provided for informational purposes only and may be subject to updating, completion or revision, and except as may be required by applicable securities laws, the Company disclaims any intent or obligation to update any information herein. This presentation may contain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of applicable Canadian securities legislation. Forward-looking statements are based on the opinions and assumptions of the management of the Company as of the date made. They are inherently susceptible to uncertainty and other factors that could cause actual events/results to differ materially from these forward-looking statements. Additional risks and uncertainties, including those that the Company does not know about now or that it currently deems immaterial, may also adversely affect the Company’s business or any investment therein.

Any projections given are principally intended for use as objectives and are not intended, and should not be taken, as assurances that the projected results will be obtained by the Company. The assumptions used may not prove to be accurate and a potential decline in the Company’s financial condition or results of operations may negatively impact the value of its securities. This presentation should not be considered as the giving of investment advice by the Company or any of its directors, officers, agents, employees or advisors. Each person to whom this presentation is made available must make its own independent assessment of the Company after making such investigations and taking such advice as may be deemed necessary. Prospective investors are urged to review the Company’s profile on SedarPlus.ca and to carry out independent investigations in order to determine their interest in investing in the Company.

At PDAC Toronto 2024, Critical Minerals Institute (CMI) Co-Chairman Jack Lifton interviewed Pat Ryan, the Chairman and CEO of Ucore Rare Metals Inc. (TSXV: UCU | OTCQX: UURAF), discussing Ucore’s advancements in the rare earths’ permanent magnet supply chain. Ryan highlighted the company’s focus on mid-market separation technologies, particularly their RapidSX technology, which significantly improves throughput rates for extracting rare earths essential for high-temperature applications like electric vehicles. With a commercial demo plant in Kingston, Ucore is engineering a full-scale system capable of producing heavy rare earths, including dysprosium, at purities above 99%. Ryan emphasized the strategic importance of heavy rare earths, noting, “The one critical thing we’re really focused on is that heavy rare earth element…the permanent magnets really only work because the heavy rare earth allows it to operate at very high temperature.”

Ucore’s approach to securing feedstock for these valuable minerals is noteworthy, as Ryan mentioned sourcing from the Asian market outside of China. This strategic sourcing is part of Ucore’s broader vision to disrupt China’s control over the North American rare earth supply chain. With plans to operationalize a full-scale plant in Louisiana by 2025, Ucore is poised to become a significant player in the rare earths market. The company’s engagement in joint ventures rather than traditional buy-sell agreements reflects a collaborative strategy aimed at strengthening the western rare earths supply chain. This initiative is further supported by Ucore’s recent announcement of successfully separating a range of heavy rare earth elements using its RapidSX technology, marking a critical step towards establishing a domestic rare earth processing capability.

Ucore’s commitment to innovation and strategic partnerships underscores its potential to influence the North American rare earths market significantly. By focusing on the production of heavy rare earths and employing advanced separation technologies, Ucore aims to reduce dependence on foreign rare earths and contribute to the resilience of critical supply chains. With a seasoned executive like Ryan, who has extensive experience in manufacturing and supply chain management, Ucore is well-positioned to navigate the complexities of rare earth processing and meet the growing demand for these essential components in various high-tech applications.

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About Ucore Rare Metals Inc.

Ucore is focused on rare- and critical-metal resources, extraction, beneficiation, and separation technologies with the potential for production, growth, and scalability. Ucore’s vision and plan is to become a leading advanced technology company, providing best-in-class metal separation products and services to the mining and mineral extraction industry.

Through strategic partnerships, this plan includes disrupting the People’s Republic of China’s control of the North American REE supply chain through the near-term establishment of a heavy and light rare-earth processing facility in the US State of Louisiana, subsequent Strategic Metal Complexes in Canada and Alaska and the longer-term development of Ucore’s 100% controlled Bokan-Dotson Ridge Rare Heavy REE Project on Prince of Wales Island in Southeast Alaska, USA.

To learn more about Ucore Rare Metals Inc., click here

Disclaimer: Ucore Rare Metals Inc. is an advertorial member of InvestorNews Inc.

This interview, which was produced by InvestorNews Inc. (“InvestorNews”), does not contain, nor does it purport to contain, a summary of all material information concerning the Company, including important disclosure and risk factors associated with the Company, its business and an investment in its securities. InvestorNews offers no representations or warranties that any of the information contained in this interview is accurate or complete.

This interview and any transcriptions or reproductions thereof (collectively, this “presentation”) does not constitute, or form part of, any offer or invitation to sell or issue, or any solicitation of any offer to subscribe for or purchase any securities in the Company. The information in this presentation is provided for informational purposes only and may be subject to updating, completion or revision, and except as may be required by applicable securities laws, the Company disclaims any intent or obligation to update any information herein. This presentation may contain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of applicable Canadian securities legislation. Forward-looking statements are based on the opinions and assumptions of the management of the Company as of the date made. They are inherently susceptible to uncertainty and other factors that could cause actual events/results to differ materially from these forward-looking statements. Additional risks and uncertainties, including those that the Company does not know about now or that it currently deems immaterial, may also adversely affect the Company’s business or any investment therein.

Any projections given are principally intended for use as objectives and are not intended, and should not be taken, as assurances that the projected results will be obtained by the Company. The assumptions used may not prove to be accurate and a potential decline in the Company’s financial condition or results of operations may negatively impact the value of its securities. This presentation should not be considered as the giving of investment advice by the Company or any of its directors, officers, agents, employees or advisors. Each person to whom this presentation is made available must make its own independent assessment of the Company after making such investigations and taking such advice as may be deemed necessary. Prospective investors are urged to review the Company’s profile on SedarPlus.ca and to carry out independent investigations in order to determine their interest in investing in the Company.

Today we take a look at the magnetic rare earths sector and two leading rare earth companies and what we can expect in 2024 and beyond.

The magnet rare earths prices have fallen in 2022 and 2023

The magnet rare earths sector was hit hard in 2023 with China’s Neodymium (Nd), Praseodymium (Pr), and Dysprosium (Dy) prices falling as the global economy and EV demand slowed.

Neodymium prices came crashing down in 2022 and 2023 as demand slowed after the 2021 growth rate boom in EV sales – Now at CNY 530,000/t

Source: Trading Economics

Global plugin electric car sales grew by 108% in 2021 causing a huge spike in EV metal prices. Then in 2022, the growth rate slowed to 56% at a time when supply of most EV metals surged. Finally in 2023, the growth rate slowed further to an estimated 28%, resulting in further price decline for the magnet metals such as neodymium.

Demand for the magnet rare earths in electric motors is driven by multiple sources with electric vehicle sales being a key driver. (90% of EV motors use rare earth magnets)

Source: MP Materials company presentation

Will the magnet rare earths prices rise in 2024?

The answer to this question will largely depend on recovery in China and the global economy driving increased demand for EVs, wind turbines, and other magnets used in various industrial applications. Given the most recent trend globally has been towards future interest rate decreases (notably in the USA and China), it bodes well for a recovering consumer and hence demand. This may take a good part of 2024 to flow through with excess inventories across many sectors still needing to be worked off. If we get a strong pickup in EV demand (>40% YoY increase) in 2024, then the magnet rare earths sector woes could soon disappear.

China’s December 2023 EV sales give some hope as they jumped to a record 945,000 units, achieving a superb 47% YoY growth rate.

Lynas Rare Earths Ltd. (ASX: LYC) (“Lynas”) update

The big recent Lynas news (announced December 7, 2023) is that the first feed of material from the Mt Weld Mine has been introduced into the new Kalgoorlie Rare Earths Processing Facility in Western Australia, leading to first production and ramp-up of the Facility. A great achievement for Lynas, especially given that the Kalgoorlie Rare Earths Processing Facility is Australia’s first value-added rare earths processing facility. Lynas stated:

The Lynas Malaysia plant is currently shutdown as works to increase downstream processing capacity are completed. Production will recommence in January 2024. Mixed Rare Earth Carbonate (MREC) from the Kalgoorlie Rare Earth Processing Facility will be progressively introduced to the Lynas Malaysia plant commencing late in the March quarter and increasing as the controlled ramp up of the Kalgoorlie facility is progressed.…“

Once their expansions are completed, Lynas intend to increase their production capacity to 10,500tpa NdPr (Neodymium-Praseodymium). Lynas produced 6,142t of NdPr in FY 2023.

2024 will see the Mt Weld Mine expansion and further work on Lynas’ US Rare Earths Processing Facility Project targeted to be operational by July 2025 – June 2026.

Lynas is expanding its rare earths mining and processing capabilities through to 2025/26

Source: Lynas company presentation

MP Materials Corp. (NYSE: MP) (“MP Materials”) update

MP Materials owns and operates the Mountain Pass Rare Earth Mine and Processing Facility in California, USA. In the past MP Materials had to ship their concentrate to China for processing; however, they have a target to bring this back to the USA.

Their target is to grow their mine output by 50% over the next four years and to build separation capacity in the USA with annual production of 6,000 tpa NdPr oxide. The third stage of their plan is to build a greenfield production facility in Texas targeting ~1,000tpa of finished NdFeB (Neodymium Iron Boron) magnets. They already have General Motors (NYSE: GM) as a foundational customer.

MP Materials is working towards Stage II and Stage III of their plan to bring rare earths processing and magnets production to the USA

Source: MP Materials company presentation

Closing remarks

2024 should see a year of consolidation for the rare earths sector as some experts are telling me. Some forecasts are for NdPr supply deficit to begin as early as 2024; however, this will largely depend on China demand, the global economy, EV sales, and new NdPr supply hitting the market.

The two Western magnet rare earths leaders Lynas and MP Materials (and some other key players) are progressing their plans to further build a western supply chain and should be largely complete within the next 2-4 years if it goes to plan. This all supports the building of an end-to-end Western rare earths and magnets sector this decade. Stay tuned.

In a recent interview with Tracy Weslosky of Investor.News, Mark Chalmers, President, CEO, and Director of Energy Fuels Inc. (NYSE American: UUUU | TSX: EFR), discusses their recently announced Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with Astron Corporation Ltd. (ASX: ATR) for the joint venture development of the Donald Rare Earth and Mineral Sands Project in Victoria, Australia. This MOU, announced on December 27, 2023, is a key milestone in establishing a U.S.-centric rare earths supply chain, which is crucial for the country’s future needs.

The Donald Project promises to supply Energy Fuels with 7,000 to 14,000 metric tons of rare earth concentrate, using monazite sand from the deposit. Energy Fuels plans to process this at their White Mesa Mill in Utah, where they can handle the radioactive elements in monazite and extract valuable components like uranium. This positions them as a leader in the critical minerals.

Energy Fuels’ approach is cost-effective, leveraging existing infrastructure and skilled workforce in Utah. The initial phase of the project aims to produce 800 – 1,000 metric tons of the magnetic materials, Neodymium-Praseodymium (NdPr) oxide by Q1 2024, with plans for future expansion.

The U.S. government’s policy, set to restrict critical minerals sourced from Foreign Entities of Concern from 2025, highlights the significance of Energy Fuels’ project. As a leading U.S. producer of uranium, vanadium, and rare earth elements, the company plays a vital role in reducing U.S. dependence on foreign sources, particularly China.

This venture is expected to have a major impact on the electric vehicle and clean energy sectors in the U.S., offering a sustainable, competitive, and independent supply chain for critical minerals, essential for national security and technological progress. To access the complete interview, click here

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About Energy Fuels Inc.

Energy Fuels is a leading US-based critical minerals company. The Company, as the leading producer of uranium in the United States, mines uranium and produces natural uranium concentrates that are sold to major nuclear utilities for the production of carbon-free nuclear energy. Energy Fuels recently began production of advanced rare earth element (“REE“) materials, including mixed REE carbonate, and plans to produce commercial quantities of separated REE oxides in the future. Energy Fuels also produces vanadium from certain of its projects, as market conditions warrant, and is evaluating the recovery of radionuclides needed for emerging cancer treatments. Its corporate offices are in Lakewood, Colorado, near Denver, and substantially all its assets and employees are in the United States. Energy Fuels holds two of America’s key uranium production centers: the White Mesa Mill in Utah and the Nichols Ranch in-situ recovery (“ISR“) Project in Wyoming. The White Mesa Mill is the only conventional uranium mill operating in the US today, has a licensed capacity of over 8 million pounds of U₃O₈ per year, and has the ability to produce vanadium when market conditions warrant, as well as REE products, from various uranium-bearing ores. The Nichols Ranch ISR Project is on standby and has a licensed capacity of 2 million pounds of U₃O₈ per year. The Company recently acquired the Bahia Project in Brazil, which is believed to have significant quantities of titanium (ilmenite and rutile), zirconium (zircon) and REE (monazite) minerals. In addition to the above production facilities, Energy Fuels also has one of the largest NI 43-101 compliant uranium resource portfolios in the US and several uranium and uranium/vanadium mining projects on standby and in various stages of permitting and development.

To learn more about Energy Fuels Inc., click here

Disclaimer: Energy Fuels Inc. is an advertorial member of InvestorNews Inc.

This interview, which was produced by InvestorNews Inc. (“InvestorNews”), does not contain, nor does it purport to contain, a summary of all material information concerning the Company, including important disclosure and risk factors associated with the Company, its business and an investment in its securities. InvestorNews offers no representations or warranties that any of the information contained in this interview is accurate or complete.

This interview and any transcriptions or reproductions thereof (collectively, this “presentation”) does not constitute, or form part of, any offer or invitation to sell or issue, or any solicitation of any offer to subscribe for or purchase any securities in the Company. The information in this presentation is provided for informational purposes only and may be subject to updating, completion or revision, and except as may be required by applicable securities laws, the Company disclaims any intent or obligation to update any information herein. This presentation may contain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of applicable Canadian securities legislation. Forward-looking statements are based on the opinions and assumptions of the management of the Company as of the date made. They are inherently susceptible to uncertainty and other factors that could cause actual events/results to differ materially from these forward-looking statements. Additional risks and uncertainties, including those that the Company does not know about now or that it currently deems immaterial, may also adversely affect the Company’s business or any investment therein.

Any projections given are principally intended for use as objectives and are not intended, and should not be taken, as assurances that the projected results will be obtained by the Company. The assumptions used may not prove to be accurate and a potential decline in the Company’s financial condition or results of operations may negatively impact the value of its securities. This presentation should not be considered as the giving of investment advice by the Company or any of its directors, officers, agents, employees or advisors. Each person to whom this presentation is made available must make its own independent assessment of the Company after making such investigations and taking such advice as may be deemed necessary. Prospective investors are urged to review the Company’s profile on SedarPlus.ca and to carry out independent investigations in order to determine their interest in investing in the Company.

For those following the critical metals space, there was some key U.S. news on December 1, 2023. The U.S. government announced their proposed policy for Foreign Entities of Concern (“FEOC”). The key part of the proposal effectively stated that starting from 2025 an eligible clean vehicle may not contain any critical minerals that were extracted, processed, or recycled by an FEOC. FEOCs were named to be China, Russia, North Korea, and Iran.

This means OEMs selling in the U.S. auto market are now in a mad scramble to source processed critical minerals from non-FEOC sources before 2025, otherwise, their customers can miss out on the US$7,500 clean vehicle subsidy (half of which is impacted by material sourcing). One of the hardest to source will be the magnet rare earths used in the permanent magnet motor of most electric vehicles and many wind turbines. This is because China dominates the rare earths industry.

Energy Fuels is making major moves to build a new rare earths supply chain in the USA

Energy Fuels Inc. (NYSE American: UUUU | TSX: EFR) is a leading U.S.-based critical minerals producer. In fact, they are the ‘leading’ U.S. producer of uranium, vanadium, and rare earth elements. Energy Fuels White Mesa Mill is “the only existing facility in North America with the licenses and capabilities to process monazite and produce advanced rare earth element products.”

2023 has been a very prosperous year for Energy Fuels with rare earth concentrate production and a booming uranium price helping their large uranium business.

Energy Fuels plan is to grow their rare earths concentrate business to also include rare earths separation to produce rare earth oxides. Phase 1 plans to have a capacity of 800 – 1,000 MT of neodymium-praseodymium (NdPr) oxide per year by Q1 2024 and Phase 2 a capacity of 1,500 – 3,000+ MT NdPr oxide per year by 2026/27. The Phase 3 plan is to produce heavy separated rare earths including dysprosium (Dy) and terbium (Tb) by 2027/28.

Energy Fuels is one of the leaders in the race to build up a U.S. rare earths supply chain independent of FEOC such as China

Source: Energy Fuels company presentation

To achieve their plan, Energy Fuels needs sufficient monazite ore as feed, hence their recent acquisitions. In February 2023, Energy Fuels acquired the Bahia heavy mineral sand (“HMS”) Project in Brazil that contains significant quantities of monazite (rare earths containing ore). But wait there’s more!

Energy Fuels announces a new rare earths sourcing MOU with Australian company Astron

As announced on December 27 Energy Fuels entered into an MOU to secure a near-term, large-scale Australian source of rare earth minerals. The announcement says this will supply a “new U.S.-based supply chain for decades” and that “most licenses and permits are in place (or at an advanced stage of completion)”. Energy Fuels proposed investment is ~A$180 million (~US$122 million) for a 49% interest in the new Joint Venture.

The MOU is with Astron Corporation Limited (ASX: ATR) (“Astron“) to jointly develop the Donald Rare Earth and Mineral Sands Project in Victoria, Australia. The announcement states:

“The Donald Project is a world-class, world scale, ‘shovel-ready’ critical mineral deposit that Energy Fuels believes would provide it with another near-term, low-cost, and large-scale source of monazite sand in an REE concentrate (“REEC“) that would be transported to the Company’s White Mesa Mill in Utah, USA (the “Mill“) for processing into REE oxides and other advanced REE materials and recovery of the contained uranium…The Donald Project is expected to provide Energy Fuels with 7,000 to 14,000 metric tons (“tonnes“) of REEC per year, containing 4,000 to 8,200 tonnes of total REE oxides (“TREO“), with commissioning and ramp-up expected to begin in 2026. Most of Energy Fuels’ proposed investment is expected to be disbursed in 2025.”

Note: REEC is rare earth elements concentrate.

Energy Fuel’s masterplan for rare earths products and supply sources

Source: Energy Fuels company presentation

Closing remarks

Energy Fuels is steadily putting together all the pieces of a jigsaw puzzle in order to create a new western supply chain of rare earths products, that will be needed to support the U.S. demand for their own electric vehicle and clean energy industry, independent of China.

The Bahia Project announced in early 2023 will provide near-term rare earth concentrate supply from Brazil, and all going to plan, the Donald Project will also provide a supply from 2026.

Meanwhile, Energy Fuels is currently doing very well from their U.S-based uranium production business, boosted by surging uranium prices in 2023 (now at US$91/lb at the time of writing).

Energy Fuels trades on a market cap of US$1.16 billion with the stock price up ~25% in the past year.

In an InvestorNews interview, Tracy Weslosky spoke with Curtis Moore, Senior VP of Marketing & Corporate Development at Energy Fuels Inc. (NYSE American: UUUU | TSX: EFR). Curtis discussed Energy Fuels’ focus on monazite sand, highlighting its high neodymium-praseodymium (NdPr) content, which provides a cost processing advantage over other rare earths bearing ores like bastnaesite. He explained that monazite’s value is enhanced by its higher concentration of NdPr, essential for permanent rare earth magnets used in EVs and wind turbines, and its higher concentration of heavy rare earths. Curtis noted that while monazite has higher uranium and thorium levels than bastnaesite, Energy Fuels can efficiently process these elements at their uranium mill. He emphasized Energy Fuels’ unique advantage in handling the naturally occurring uranium and thorium in rare earth bearing ores, a significant challenge for other companies. This capability allows them to potentially monetize these elements, especially as thorium markets mature.

Curtis also addressed a key question he wishes people would ask more often: why Energy Fuels is likely to succeed in the rare earth sector where many others have failed? He attributed their potential success to their inherent advantages in processing rare earth bearing ores and producing advanced materials. These advantages include their experience with solvent extraction, a technology crucial for producing separated rare earth oxides, and their existing infrastructure at the White Mesa Mill in Utah. Curtis highlighted their $25 million investment in a rare earth separation circuit at the mill, which is expected to be operational in the first quarter of 2024, with a capacity to produce about 1000 metric tons of NdPr oxide per year, enough for 500,000 to 1,000,000 EVs annually. He expressed high confidence in their ability to succeed in the rare earth industry due to these factors.

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About Energy Fuels Inc.

Energy Fuels is a leading US-based critical minerals company. The Company, as the leading producer of uranium in the United States, mines uranium and produces natural uranium concentrates that are sold to major nuclear utilities for the production of carbon-free nuclear energy. Energy Fuels recently began production of advanced rare earth element (“REE“) materials, including mixed REE carbonate, and plans to produce commercial quantities of separated REE oxides in the future. Energy Fuels also produces vanadium from certain of its projects, as market conditions warrant, and is evaluating the recovery of radionuclides needed for emerging cancer treatments. Its corporate offices are in Lakewood, Colorado, near Denver, and substantially all its assets and employees are in the United States. Energy Fuels holds two of America’s key uranium production centers: the White Mesa Mill in Utah and the Nichols Ranch in-situ recovery (“ISR“) Project in Wyoming. The White Mesa Mill is the only conventional uranium mill operating in the US today, has a licensed capacity of over 8 million pounds of U₃O₈ per year, and has the ability to produce vanadium when market conditions warrant, as well as REE products, from various uranium-bearing ores. The Nichols Ranch ISR Project is on standby and has a licensed capacity of 2 million pounds of U₃O₈ per year. The Company recently acquired the Bahia Project in Brazil, which is believed to have significant quantities of titanium (ilmenite and rutile), zirconium (zircon) and REE (monazite) minerals. In addition to the above production facilities, Energy Fuels also has one of the largest NI 43-101 compliant uranium resource portfolios in the US and several uranium and uranium/vanadium mining projects on standby and in various stages of permitting and development.

To learn more about Energy Fuels Inc., click here

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The rare earths necessary for the manufacturing of the magnets needed for the type of electric motors that can drive electric cars fall into two categories, the basic critical permanent magnet rare earths, neodymium (Nd) and praseodymium (Pr), and the critical, critical rare earths necessary for that purpose, dysprosium (Dy) and terbium (Tb). Without the addition of Dy and/or Tb to the alloy based on NdPr (a natural mixture called didymium) the magnetic material produced will not be able to maintain its (magnetic) strength at the high operating temperature and cycles of heating and cooling experienced daily by the electric drive motors to be used in EVs.

Unfortunately, while rare earth bearing deposits with NdPr contents of 16% to 25% of the total of rare earths contained are fairly well known, such deposits do not contain more than a “trace” of Dy and Tb. Dy and Tb, therefore, were laboratory curiosities until almost the end of the twentieth century when large areas of the formations known now as ionic adsorption clays were discovered in southern China’s Jiangxi Province. These, at or near, surface formations are the result of the natural weathering (dissolution) of rare earth bearing granites by tropical (warm) rains, creating, after a few hundred thousand centuries, “deposits” of porous clays in which the rare earths have been chromatographed (partially separated) by atomic number.

The lower atomic numbered rare earths such as cerium and lanthanum are barely present in these clays. They do have substantial distributions though of the basic critical magnet rare earths, Nd and Pr, and surprisingly and luckily, the highest relative concentrations of the higher atomic numbered rare earths, such as Dy and Tb, known anywhere. In addition, the rare earth elements are “adsorbed” on the clay particles; not chemically bound, so that they can be extracted from the clays by a simple wash of the common agricultural chemical, ammonium sulfate in water solution.

The clays in China are processed “in situ,” i.e, in place, by pumping an ammonium sulphate solution through the clay and then collecting the solutions in downstream plastic tanks where the rare earths are then precipitated as water insoluble carbonates or oxalates for transport to a processing plant where they are separated from each other and ultimately become part of alloys that can be magnetized and can maintain their magnetization at high temperatures. These ionic clay formations containing, in China, perhaps 300-1000 ppm of rare earths were the only commercial sources known for the heavy rare earths until quite recently when similar deposits in southeastern Asia in line with those in China were discovered.

In particular, Myanmar, formerly known as Burma, has significant ionic adsorption clays bearing rare earths. But China has acquired the rights to all of those that are being mined in Myanmar today, perhaps to exhaustion, with the output going exclusively to China. So too, with the ionic adsorption clay deposit known as Serra Verde in Brazil. This is a very good clay deposit, and it is scheduled to produce 2000 tpa of NdPr and 200 tpa of DyTb annually. But like Myanmar, all of this material will go to China.

Enter now, Appia Rare Earths & Uranium Corp. (CSE: API | OTCQX: APAAF), and its PCH discovery in Brazil. This looks to be a true ionic adsorption clay with, perhaps, the highest known total adsorbed rare earths concentration, so far discovered, of all or the majority ionic adsorption clay on this planet. The juniors have now descended upon Brazil, and announcements of deposits of “heavy rare earths sourced from ionic adsorption clays” are the flavor of the month. I still think we may be looking, in the case of Appia’s PCH deposit at the best ionic adsorption clay deposit in the Americas in the sense that it can be easily extracted with legacy in situ processing. It is a key discovery that, if properly developed, will benefit greatly the EV industries of North America and Europe. There are few sure things in life, I admit, but this is likely to be one of them. 

For those who want to argue that the Appia deposit is a mix of adsorbed rare earths and microcrystalline (chemically, covalently, bound rare earths) I will counter that it is the total cost of extracting the critical rare earths and the efficiency of that extraction that matters. Some of the “ionic clay” deposits require an acid leach after the aqueous leach to extract sufficient magnet rare earths; some of the “deposits” are simply too low a grade or the mix of magnet and non-magnet rare earths is skewed in favor of non-magnet rare earths. From the data that Appia has published, I believe that PCH is a major, economic, deposit with a very high recoverable grade of heavy magnet rare earths, and as such it is a key deposit for the re-development of a non-Chinese rare earth permanent magnet industry.

An Interview with Alastair Neill, a Director for the Critical Minerals Institute (CMI)

Rare earth elements, a crucial component in our modern technological world, have seen dramatic price fluctuations in recent months. I sat down with Alastair Neill, a Director for the Critical Minerals Institute (CMI), to get a better understanding of these market dynamics.

Tracy: Alastair, the recent Reuters piece titled Chinese rare earth prices hit 20-month high on Myanmar supply worry (msn.com) highlighted a surge in Chinese rare earth prices due to concerns about supply from Myanmar. Can you shed some light on this?

Alastair Neill: Indeed, Tracy. Myanmar’s supply to China, especially to its southern plants, is significant. Historically, it has provided about 50% of their total in recent years. Any disruption, as seen before, impacts prices, notably for elements like terbium and dysprosium.

Tracy: What’s driving the media coverage on this issue?

Alastair Neill: The media is closely monitoring the situation in Myanmar. Over the past two to three years, interruptions in supply have been frequent. The mines in Myanmar, managed by the Chinese, have faced local resistance, given the perception of exploitation.

Tracy: Yet, just a month ago, Reuters reported rare earth prices (reference, Rare earths prices sink to lowest since 2020 as China ramps up supply | Reuters) were at their lowest since 2020 due to China increasing its supply. Can you comment on this disparity?

Alastair Neill: It’s a dynamic market. In May this year, terbium was around $1,200 a kilo, dysprosium at $274. Now, dysprosium has surged past $350, while terbium remains stable. Elements like Nd (Neodymium) and Pr (Praseodymium) also experienced price drops, but have recently rebounded. The northern mines can produce Nd and Pr, but terbium and dysprosium remain vulnerable to supply chain issues.

Tracy: The Reuters article mentions potential disruptions due to inspections in Myanmar’s Pangwa region and concerns from environmental inspections in Jiangxi province. Can you speak on these concerns?

Alastair Neill: Inspections, while necessary, can slow down production or halt it temporarily, leading to supply chain hiccups. This situation creates uncertainty in the market, with stockpiling and price hikes as natural reactions.

Tracy: Finally, the article from July speaks about China’s dominance and the role of rebates in maintaining its position. Your thoughts?

Alastair Neill: China’s influence on the global pricing is undeniable. Their rebate strategy gives them a significant cost advantage, making competition tough for others. This not only secures China’s dominant position but can influence global supply chain decisions.

The rare earth market, like many commodities, remains subject to geopolitical influences, supply chain uncertainties, and global demand shifts. As the world continues to rely on these essential elements for everything from consumer electronics to green energy solutions, understanding the intricacies of their market becomes increasingly crucial.

In conversations with experts like Alastair Neill, it becomes evident that while short-term price fluctuations are inevitable, strategic decisions and global cooperation can pave the way for a more stable supply chain in the future.

In the constantly evolving world of critical minerals, every quarter brings about new promise and potential. But, when a company not only meets its benchmarks but pushes the boundaries of what’s conceivable, it warrants a closer look. Energy Fuels Inc.’s (NYSE American: UUUU | TSX: EFR) Q2-2023 results have done just that.

Starting with their financial muscle: A robust balance sheet showcasing $134.36 million of working capital, a commendable rise from December 2022’s $116.97 million. Their inventory, valued at approximately $50.51 million, is reflective of the company’s prudent business strategies and readiness for future opportunities.

Uranium remains a focal point. Selling 80,000 pounds of U3O8 at $54.19 per pound, Energy Fuels has set an impressive gross margin of 46%. And, with a forward-looking approach, they’ve prepared four of their conventional uranium mines for production, signaling their commitment to meeting the ever-growing energy demands.

Yet, the real ace up Energy Fuels’ sleeve might be their ventures into Rare Earth Elements (REE). Producing approximately 99 MT of RE Carbonate from monazite, they’re ensuring that the US remains at the forefront of REE production. The vision of completing ‘Phase 1’ at the White Mesa Mill in Utah is not just ambitious but transformative. With the potential to churn out 800-1,000 MT of separated NdPr oxide annually, this project could catapult Energy Fuels into the echelons of global NdPr producers, outside of China. NdPr oxide, vital for EVs and wind generators, underscores the company’s foresight in aligning with global sustainability goals.

Their Bahia Rare Earth Project in Brazil further cements their strategic positioning, promising to fortify their REE repertoire. With plans of enhancing NdPr production capacity and the potential inclusion of dysprosium and terbium by 2027, the company is future-ready.

Energy Fuels CEO, Mark S. Chalmers’s words encapsulate their journey best, emphasizing the company’s dedication to establishing a “critical mineral hub” in Utah. Their initiatives are not just business strategies; they represent a mission to reposition the US in the global energy and technology sectors.